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31.
以新铁炮百合品种"雷山一号"为试料,用其实生一代的种球进行鳞片扦插繁殖试验.结果表明:光照条件对籽球形态建成有明显影响,在自然光条件下,鳞片形成籽球数量多,但个小,每个籽球平均产生叶片2~3枚,在黑暗条件下,形成籽球数量少,但个大,且极少产生叶片;不同层次鳞片扦插产生籽球的数量不同.各层鳞片产生的籽球按从多到少的顺序依次为:外层鳞片>中层鳞片>内层鳞片. 相似文献
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使用多尺度分析方法分析了长白山阔叶红松林林冠大气界面湍流交换的主导时间尺度特征及相应的作用系数特征及大气层结和林冠结构的影响。发现:水平风速的DTS大于垂直风速的相应值,垂直风速的DCR大于水平风速的DCR。大气层结影响是非线性的。不稳定层结条件下的DTS和DCR大于稳定层结下。在强稳定层结和强不稳定层结条件下,DTS和DCR主要取决于来流特征。生长季节各高度DTS的变化规律较为复杂且不一致,非生长季节各高度具有一致的变化。不稳定层结条件下的生长季节水平风速DTS大于非生长季节;林冠结构可以显著影响主导时间尺度和主导过程贡献率。图2表1参15。 相似文献
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Simultaneous flowering of umbrella bamboo (Fargesia murieliae) at its native home in Central China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Introduction The life history of many bamboo species is characterized by an unusual flowering habit. They often flower and die simultaneously over wide areas at long intervals (3–120 years), and then regenerate from seed or rhizome (Janzen 1976; Liese 19… 相似文献
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Branch mortality and potential litterfall from Douglas-fir trees in stands of varying density 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Douglas A. Maguire 《Forest Ecology and Management》1994,70(1-3):41-53
Forest floor characteristics influence nutrient cycling and energy flow properties of forest ecosystems, and determine quality of habitat for many forest plants and animals. Differential crown recession and crown development among stands of differing density suggest that an opportunity may exist to control the input of fine woody litter into the system by manipulating stand density. The objective was to measure the rate of branch mortality among stands of differing density and to estimate the range in total per hectare necromass inputs. Although litter traps are reliable for estimating per hectare rates of litterfall, branch mortality dating on sectioned stems uniquely allows assessment of several other litterfall components: (1) individual tree contributions to total litterfall; (2) the amount of branch material released by mortality, regardless of whether the branches are shed to the forest floor; (3) the distribution of basal diameters characterizing the litterfall from a given tree and stand. Twenty-four trees were felled and sectioned on permanent plots that were part of a silvicultural study of stand density regimes in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco.). Whorl branches were dissected out of bole sections to determine the dates of mortality, and a branch biomass equation was applied to estimate potential rate of litterfall. Periodic annual rates were expressed in four ways: (1) number of branches per tree; (2) mass of branches per tree; (3) mass of branches per unit of crown projection area; (4) mass of branches per hectare. For the growth periods investigated, larger trees and trees growing on denser plots tended to release a greater necromass through branch mortality. Average branch basal diameter generally decreased with increasing stand density. Annual branch mortality ranged from 33 to 430 g m−2 crown projection area for individual trees, and from 236 to 1035 kg ha−1 for individual plots. These rates approached the low end of the range of previously published fine litterfall rates for Douglas-fir. Rates on these plots were relatively low owing to the temporary delay in crown recession imposed by artificial thinning. A conceptual model of branch litter dynamics is presented to depict consistencies with crown development among stands managed under different density regimes. 相似文献
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Different methodological approaches from the field of spatial statistics, the index of cluster size (ICS) and quadrat methods such as the two-term and three-term local quadrat variance (TTLQV and 3TLQV) and the new local variance (NLV) were tested to find a simple spatial measure to classify mixed coniferous uneven-aged, even-aged and conversion stands in the central Black Forest area of Germany. Altogether six stands were analysed with regularly distributed sample plots of 0.25 ha (50×50 m), each subdivided into 25 quadrats of 10×10 m. In each of the quadrats, diameter at breast height (dbh) for trees of the overstory (dbh>7 cm) was assessed and classified into three diameter classes. Height measurements were used to develop specific stand height curves for each stand and to calculate the standing volume per tree and per quadrat. The even-aged stands showed a regular distribution of the standing volume, while the conversion and uneven-aged stands were more clustered. This was detected using ICS, which proved to be a simple but very efficient measure for stand structure. The ICS also showed a highly random distribution of small and medium trees and a regular distribution of large trees of the overstory in the uneven-aged stand. Large and medium trees of one even-aged stand were also regularly distributed while conversion stands showed a regular, random or slightly clustered distribution of these trees. The more uneven the ages in the stands were, the larger were the phases detected by the NLV. The findings of the ICS were generally supported by the TTLQV and 3TLQV. The more uneven the ages in a stand were, the less clustered were the trees of different sizes of the understory. Clustering also decreased with increasing height of understory trees. The patterns detected in the investigated stands were related to the effect of different management regimes. Implications for the management of conversions stands based on the findings of the study are given. 相似文献
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试论森林可持续经营单元的时空尺度 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
尺度选择是科学研究的重要环节。本文评析传统森林经营单元的时空尺度选择特征及其局限性,指出为了实现森林可持续经营与发展,应该引进新的尺度观念,扩展森林经营单元的基本时空尺度。在简析景观管理与一般可持续发展研究关系基础上,从镶嵌体稳定和动态整体优化、对生物多样性保护工作的融合、生态服务功能表现的尺度依赖特征、采伐等行业实践的景观尺度影响、与其他景观尺度土地可持续管理工作的协调等角度重点论证景观尺度对于设计、管理以及度量森林可持续经营的独特价值;同时提出并初步讨论流域生态区、生态周期以及与景观相对应的世代尺度等时间尺度在森林可持续经营与发展中的应用。 相似文献